Formation of thousands of islands in Indonesian and Philippines

An archipelago (sometimes known as a island group or a island chain) is a chain, cluster or collection of islands. Archipelago may be found isolated in bodies of water or neighbouring a large landmass. Many of them are located in the western Pacific Ocean. Islands in the Indonesian and Philippines Archipelago have been formed due to interactions among Pacific plate, IndoAustralian plate and Philippines plate, converging with each other. 

When the oceanic front of these plates interact with each other, the older and denser plate subducts into a trench, resulting in earthquakes. Sediments of ocean floor and melting of mantle material creates volcanoes at the subduction zone. These volcanoes produce ‘Island arcs’ or group of islands or Archipelago. 

It is the oceanic basaltic floor which, after being metamorphosed, forms the huge series of volcanic arcs (island arcs). In addition of this, tectonic uplifts have also created these islands and mountains on these islands. The overlapping of these areas along ‘Pacific Ring of Fire’ considerably supports the theory of oceanic-oceanic convergence.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Oceansat-2 satellite

I ndia's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, PSLV-C14, in its 16th Mission launched 958 kg Oceansat-2 and six nano-satellites into a 720 km. intended Sun Synchronous Polar Orbit (SSPO) on September 23, 2009. PSLV is a four-stage launch vehicle employing both solid and liquid propulsion stages. PSLV is the trusted workhorse launch Vehicle of ISRO. During Sep. 1993 - Apr. 2009 period, PSLV had fifteen launches of which fourteen were consecutively successful. PSLV has repeatedly proved its reliability and versatility by launching 39 spacecrafts (17 Indian and 22 for international customers) into a variety of orbits so far. It may be recalled that during its previous mission, PSLV had successfully launched RISAT-2 and ANUSAT spacecrafts on April 20, 2009. In its standard configuration, the 44 m tall PSLV has a lift-off mass of 295 tonne. It is a four-stage launch vehicle with the first and the third stages as well as the six strap-ons surrounding the first stage using HTPB based solid prop...
Read more

Modern Indian Literature

In almost all the Indian languages, the modern age begins with the first struggle for India’s freedom in 1857, or near that time. The impact of western civilization, the rise of political consciousness, and the change in society could be seen in what was written during that time. Contact with the western world resulted in India’s acceptance of western thought on the one hand, and rejection of it on the other, and resulted in an effort made to revive her ancient glory and Indian consciousness.  A large number of writers opted for a synthesis between Indianization and westernization, in their search for a natinal ideology. All these attitudes were combined to bring about the renaissance in 19th century India. But it was a renaissance in a country which was under foreign domination. So it was not that kind of renaissance which had spread in 14th-15th century Europe, where scientific reasoning, individual freedom and humanism were the dominant characteristics.  The Indian renaissa...
Read more

the reservation of seats for women in the institution of local self-government

Image
The 73rd Amendment along with 74th is called a silent revolution. The most revolutionary provision is said to be the reservation of one-third of the seats for women in local bodies (including the number of seats reserved for women belonging to the SCs and STs). Further not less than one-third of the total number of offices of chairpersons in the panchayats at each level shall be reserved for women.  Impact of amendment on patriarchal character of Indian political process:  • But has it really made a considerable impact towards improving the status of women is debatable. In spite of progressive nature of the constitution, traditional social structures that restricted women’s social participation were reinforced in which men hold primary power and pre-dominate roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege.  • The reservation of seats in the panchayati raj institutions has enabled women to contest and win elections but lot of structural and procedural chal...
Read more

UPSC Civil Services (Sociology Optional) Previous Year Papers (2014 - 2021) PDF Download

Civil Services (Sociology Optional) Paper 2014 Sociology Paper - 1 Click Here To Download Sociology Paper - 2 Click Here To Download Civil Services (Sociology Optional) Paper 2015 Sociology Paper - 1 Click Here To Download Sociology Paper - 2 Click Here To Download Civil Services (Sociology Optional) Paper 2016 Sociology Paper - 1 Click Here To Download Sociology Paper - 2 Click Here To Download Civil Services (Sociology Optional) Paper 2017 Sociology Paper - 1 Click Here To Download Sociology Paper - 2 Click Here To Download Civil Services (Sociology Optional) Paper 2018 Sociology Paper - 1 Click Here To Download Sociology Paper - 2 Click Here To Download Civil Services (Sociology Optional) Paper 2019 Sociology Paper - 1 Click Here To Download Sociology Paper - 2 Click Here To Download Civil Services (Sociology Optional) Paper 2020 Sociology Paper - 1 Click Here To Download Sociology Paper - 2 Click Here To Download Civil Services (Sociology Optional) Paper 2021 Sociology Paper - 1 C...
Read more

Can I take the interview in Hindi or any other Indian language?

The candidates, opting for Indian Language medium for the written part of the Civil Services (Main) Examination may choose either the same Indian Language or English or Hindi as the medium for the interview. The candidates, opting to write the Civil Services (Main) Examination in English, may choose either English or Hindi or any other Indian Language opted by them for the compulsory Indian Language Paper in the written part of the Civil Services (Main) Examination, as the medium for interview. The Page 15 of 19 candidate has to indicate the language medium of interview at the time of filling up of the Detailed Application Form (DAF) However, the candidates, who are exempted from the compulsory Indian Language Paper, will have to choose either English or Hindi as medium of Interview or Personality Test. 
Read more

Contributions of Sir M. Visvesvaraya and Dr. M. S. Swaminathan in the fields of water engineering and agricultural

Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya was a civil engineer and statesman. He made contributions to several technical projects in his career in Hyderabad, Mysore, Maharashtra and Orissa. The Great KRS Dam was his excellent work instrumental in converting the barren lands into fertile grounds for farming. M.S. Swaminathan in the other hand is an advocate of moving India to sustainable development, especially using environmentally sustainable agriculture, sustainable food security and the preservation of biodiversity, which he calls as “evergreen revolution.”  Following are the contributions of Sir M. Visvesvaraya in the fields of water engineering:  • He is best remembered for the instrumental role he played in the construction of the Krishna Raja Sagara Lake and dam in 1924. This dam not only became the main source of water for irrigation for the nearby areas, but was also the main source of drinking water for several cities. • He had designed and patented a system of automatic weir wa...
Read more

How an ‘attempt’ is counted in the Civil Services Examination

 An attempt at the Preliminary Examination is considered an attempt at the Civil Services Examination:   (I) If a candidate actually appears in any one paper in the Preliminary Examination.  (II) Notwithstanding the disqualification/cancellation of candidature, the fact of appearance of the candidate at the examination is counted as an attempt.
Read more

Can a candidate change his/her Community Status in UPSC application?

A candidate is eligible to get the benefit of community reservation if his/her caste/tribe is included in the reserved community as may be determined by the Central Government and he/she has claimed for the same. The Commission does not entertain a request for change of community from Page 4 of 19 unreserved to reserved category once the examination process is initiated. However, in some exceptional cases where a particular caste/tribe is included in the list of reserved community within 3 months from the date of submission of application, the Commission may consider a request of change of community as a special case. In case of a candidate unfortunately becoming physically disabled during the course of the examination process, the candidate should produce valid document showing him/her acquiring a disability to the extent of 40% or more as mentioned in the relevant rules to enable him/her to get the benefits of PwBD reservation.
Read more

Global distribution of Fold Mountains and the Earthquakes and Volcanoes.

Fold mountains are formed from sedimentary rocks that accumulate along the margins of continents, when two tectonic plates move together. When the plates and the continents riding on them collide, the accumulation layers of rock may crumple and fold, particularly if there is a mechanically weak layer such as salt. These accumulated layer or sediments are then pushed together by volcanic islands to form folds, which eventually form fold mountains.  Mostly, in the interaction between oceanic plate and continental plate, oceanic plate gets subducted beneath the margins of continental plates, giving rise to mighty mountains. This activity can occur only on the margins of continents, as a result of which fold mountains are observed along the margins of continents.  Fold mountains are distributed throughout the world in the eastern margins of Mediterranean to Western Pacific, West Coast of South America and Appalachians Mountains of North America. The earth quakes in these regions o...
Read more

PM Modi unveils bronze statue of Freedom Fighter Alluri Sitarama Raju in Andhra Pradesh

Image
Prime Minister Narendra Modi today unveiled a bronze statue of freedom fighter Alluri Sitarama Raju, at a special programme on his 125th birth anniversary celebrations, in Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh. Speaking on the occasion, Mr. Modi said as country celebrates Amrit Mahotsav of 75 years of independence, we alongside are celebrating 125th anniversary of Alluri Sitarama Raju. He said 100 years of 'Rampa Kranti' for country's independence has also been completed. The Prime Minister said new India should be an India of the dreams of fighters who gave their lives for our freedom. He said in past 8 years, we have worked with full devotion, walking on the principles of Alluri Sitarama Raju towards the welfare of tribals. He said, for the first time since independence, tribal museums are being set up to showcase the tribal pride and heritage in the country. Alluri Sitarama Raju Memorial Tribal Freedom Fighters Museum' is being built in Lambasingi, Andhra Pradesh.
Read more