TSPSC Group-1 (Mains) | Paper-6 - Telangana Movement And State Formation

 I. The idea of Telangana (1948-1970) 

1. Historical Background: Telangana as a distinctive cultural unit in Hyderabad Princely State, its geographical, cultural, socio, political and economic features- People of Telangana- castes, tribes, religion, arts, crafts, languages, dialects, fairs, festivals and important places in Telangana. Administration in Hyderabad Princely State and Administrative Reforms of Salar Jung and Origins of the issue of Mulkis-Non-Mulkis; Employment and Civil Services Rules under Mir Osman Ali Khan, VII Nizam’s Farman of 1919 and Definition of Mulki - Establishment of Nizam’s Subjects League known as the Mulki League 1935 and its Significance; Merger of Hyderabad State into Indian Union in 1948; Employment Policies under Military Rule and Vellodi,1948-1952; Violation of Mulki-Rules and Its Implications. 

2. Hyderabad State in Independent India- Formation of Popular Ministry under Burgula Ramakrishna Rao and 1952 Mulki-Agitation; Demand for Employment of Local people and City College Incident- Its importance. Justice Jagan Mohan Reddy Committee Report, 1953 – Initial debates and demand for Telangana State-Reasons for the Formation of States Reorganization Commission (SRC) under Fazal Ali in 1953-Main Provisions and Recommendations of SRC-Dr. B. R. Ambedkar’s views on SRC and smaller states. 

3. Formation of Andhra Pradesh, 1956: Gentlemen’s Agreement - its Provisions and Recommendations; Telangana Regional Committee, Composition and FunctionsViolation of Safeguards-Migration from Coastal Andhra Region and its Consequences; Post-1970 Development Scenario in Telangana- Agriculture, Irrigation, Power, Education, Employment, Medical and Health etc. 

4. Violation of Employment and Service Rules: Origins of Telangana Agitation- Protest in Kothagudem and other places, Fast unto Death by Ravindranath; 1969 Agitation for Separate Telangana. Role of Intellectuals, Students, Employees in Jai Telangana Movement. 

5. Formation of Telangana Praja Samithi and Course of Movement - the Spread of Telangana Movement- Major Events, Leaders and Personalities- All Party Accord – G.O. 36 - Suppression of Telangana Movement and its Consequences-The Eight Point and Five-Point Formulas-Implications. 28 

II. Mobilizational Phase (1971 -1990) 

1. Court Judgements on Mulki Rules- Jai Andhra Movement and its Consequences- Six Point Formula 1973, and its Provisions; Article 371-D, Presidential Order, 1975-Officers (Jayabharat Reddy) Committee Report- G.O. 610 (1985); its Provisions and ViolationsReaction and Representations of Telangana Employees 

2. Rise and Spread of Naxalite Movement, causes and consequences - Anti-Landlord Struggles in Jagityala-Siricilla, North Telangana; Rytu-Cooli Sanghams; Alienation of Tribal Lands and Adivasi Resistance- Jal, Jungle, and Zamin. 

3. Rise of Regional Parties in 1980’s and Changes in the Political, Socio-Economic and Cultural fabric of Telangana- Notion of Telugu Jathi and suppression of Telangana identityExpansion of new economy in Hyderabad and other parts of Telangana; RealEstate, Contracts, Finance Companies; Film, Media and Entertainment Industry; Corporate Education and Hospitals etc; Dominant Culture and its implications for Telangana self respect, Dialect, Language and Culture. 

4. Liberalization and Privatisation Policies in 1990’s and their consequences - Emergence of regional disparities and imbalances in political power, administration, education, employment – Madiga Dandora and Tudum Debba movement – Agrarian crisis and decline of Handicrafts in Telangana and its impact on Telangana Society and economy. 

5. Quest for Telangana identity-intellectual discussions and debates- political and ideological efforts – Growth of popular unrest against regional disparities, discrimination and under development of Telangana.

 III. Towards Formation of Telangana State (1991-2014) 

1. Public awakening and Intellectual reaction against discrimination- formation of Civil society organisation, Articulation of separate Telanagana Identity; Initial organisations raised the issues of separate Telangana; Telangana Information Trust - Telangana Aikya Vedika, Bhuvanagiri Sabha - Telangana Jana Sabha, Telangana Maha Sabha - Warangal Decleration - Telangana Vidyavanthula Vedika; etc., Efforts of Telangana Congress & BJP in highlighting the issue. 

2. Establishment of Telangana Rashtra Samithi in 2001, Political Realignment and Electoral Alliances in 2004 and later Phase of Telangana Movement – TRS in UPA- Girgliani Committee- Telangana Employees Joint Action Committee - Pranab Mukherjee Committee- 2009-Elections-Alliances- Telangana in Election Manifestos- The agitation against Hyderabad as Free-zone - and Demand for separate Statehood- Fast-Unto-Death by K.Chandra Shekar Rao-Formation of Political Joint Action Committee (2009) 

3. Role of Political Parties-TRS, Congress, B.J.P., Left parties, T.D.P., M.I.M and other political parties such as Telangana Praja Front, Telangana United Front etc., Dalit-Bahujan Sanghams and Grass roots Movement organisations - Other Joint Action Committees and popular protests- Suicides for the cause of Telangana. 

4. Cultural Revivalism in Telangana, other symbolic expressions in Telangana MovementLiterary forms- performing arts and other cultural expressions- writers, poets, singers, intellectuals, Artists, Journalists, Students, Employees, Advocates, Doctors, NRIs, women, Civil society groups, organised and unorganised sectors, castes, communities and other social groups in transforming the agitation into a mass movement - Intensification of Movement, Forms of Protest and Major events: Sakalajanula Samme, Non-Cooperation Movement; Million March, etc., 

5. Parliamentary Process; UPA Government’s stand on Telangana- All-Party MeetingAnthony Committee- Statements on Telangana by Central Home Minister - Sri Krishna Committee Report and its Recommendations, AP Assembly and Parliamentary proceedings on Telangana, Declaration of Telangana State in Parliament, Andhra Pradesh State Reorganization Act, 2014- Elections and victory of Telangana Rashtra Samithi and the first Government of Telangana State.