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A surgical strike is essentially a swift and targeted attack on specific target that aims to neutralize them while ensuring minimum collateral damage to the surrounding areas and civilians. Neutralization of targets with surgical strikes also prevents escalation to a full blown war. Similarly Hot pursuit is chasing the enemy even up to their own turf and it is an indicator of zero tolerance for terrorists.  Impact of such actions:  • India realizes that dropping the policy of ‘strategic restraint’ might ignite another spiral of violence in Kashmir. However, the following of the same has not worked either and perhaps there may be a breakthrough with new approach.  • The jihadist element will pressurize the other state to go for a similar strike. India had factored-in this move, and therefore villagers within 10 km of Punjab border were evacuated.  • It was not a strategic strike, but a tactical strike, where strike itself was not so important, but a break from previou...

The various challenges currently emanating from across the India-Myanmar border are the following: • Disputed areas: The tri-junction of India-MyanmarChina  • Difficult terrain, resulting in lack of infrastructure: As a result, the border area remains sparsely populated with depressed economic development. It also affects policing as they hamper the easy and rapid mobilisation of the border guarding forces along the border.  • Trafficking of drugs, humans, smuggling of gold, weapons, ammunitions etc.  • Golden Triangle– Thailand, Myanmar, Laos drugs are smuggled overland through the India-Myanmar border with the help of China and Arakanese insurgents. •Nexus between terrorism and organised crime  • Refugee influx through insecure borders E.g.: Rohingya migrants’ influx from Myanmar.  • Separatist movements and terrorism: National Socialist Council of Nagaland – Khaplang (NSCN-K) and Meitei insurgent groups enter Myanmar from Indian north-east, then they rest, re...