Exam Topper

Patriarchy refers to the dominance of society by male counterparts and thereby intruding considerably in the autonomy of females. It has hampered the position of the middle class working women in India owing to prolonged practices of the past and submissiveness of the females.  Position of the middle class working women is made to be subordinate to that of males. The females are provided with low skilled and low paying jobs in comparison to their male counterparts. In fact, for the same quality and quantity of work women are paid less. Moreover, the domestic work are not even considered as being considerable contribution. Women’s job in India is understood as completely attached to their spouse’s.  A woman has to seek transfer or even leave their job if her husband has moved. Moreover, in times of exigencies, it is females who have to sacrifice their jobs in the name of necessity of the family. Women are expected to perform dual roles of job as well as household works with the...

The 19th century in India was that of contradictions as the European values and principles were being adopted in the Indian society.  1. Denial of Education- Majority of men were against the women education. But some initiatives were taken : • 1819 Calcutta Female Juvenile Society set up by Christian society  • 1849 Bethune School, Calcutta  • 1854 Wood's Dispatch on Education laid emphasis on woman education  • Jyotiba Phule was the greatest champion of women education in 19th Century.  2. Female Infanticide-especially in northern and western India, mainly by landed and the dominant castes.  3. Child Marriages  • B.M. Malabari worked against child marriage and got the enactment of the Consent Act (which fixed minimum age of female bride at 12, raised by Sharda Act to 14 and ultimately to 18 by Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929.  • This issue assimilates all the social issues like poverty, bride price, religious and social pressures, regional cus...