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El-Nino (Means Christ Child) effect refers to the warming of the surface water of East Pacific Ocean and relative cooling of Indian Ocean, thereby causing low pressure and high pressure respectively in those regions.  Typically, this anomaly happens at irregular intervals of two to seven years, and lasts nine months to two years. Its immediate effects are felt as unusual heavy downpour along the Chile and Peru coast and also in the desert of Atacama resulting into flood, whereas, it results into weakening of Monsoon in Indian Ocean region due to ENSO (El-Nino Southern Oscillation). Areas west of Japan and Korea tend to experience much fewer tropical cyclones impact during El Nino and neutral years. The tropical Atlantic Ocean experiences depressed activity due to increased vertical wind shear across the region during El Nino years.  Most of the recorded East Pacific category 5 hurricanes occur during El Nino years in clusters. Winters, during the El Nino effect, are warmer and...

A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure centre, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain. Depending on its location and strength, tropical cyclones are referred to by names such as typhoon (South China Sea), cyclone (Bay of Bengal), and hurricane (Gulf of Mexico).  The tropical cyclones originate in the tropical region in both hemispheres. Formation of tropical cyclone needs warm water bodies where temperature should be more than 25°C. Continuous supply of warm moisture is needed for condensation in upper atmosphere which releases more latent heat of condensation.  This process will result into vertical column of low pressure. For the formation of this vertical column, calm wind condition is needed. These requisite conditions are present in South China Sea, Bay of Bengal, Gulf of Mexico and other tropical oceanic regions.