Fundamental Rights - Indian Constitution

In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, “the State” includes the Government and Parliament of India and the Government and the Legislature of each of the States and all local or other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of India.  All laws in force in the territory of India immediately before the commencement of this Constitution, in so far as they are inconsistent with the provisions of this Part, shall, to the extent of such inconsistency, be void.

The State shall not make any law which takes away or abridges the rights conferred by this Part and any law made in contravention of this clause shall, to the extent of the contravention, be void. Nothing in this article shall apply to any amendment of this Constitution made under article 368.

Right to Equality

14. Equality before law.

15. Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.

16. Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.

17. Abolition of Untouchability.

18. Abolition of titles.

Right to Freedom

19. Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.

20. Protection in respect of conviction for offences.

21. Protection of life and personal liberty.

21A. Right to education.

22. Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.

Right against Exploitation

23. Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.

24. Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.

Right to Freedom of Religion

25. Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.

26. Freedom to manage religious affairs.

27. Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion.

28. Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions.

Cultural and Educational Rights

29. Protection of interests of minorities.

30. Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.

31. Compulsory acquisition of property. —Omitted. Saving of Certain Laws

31A. Saving of Laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc.

31B. Validation of certain Acts and Regulations.

31C. Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles.

31D. Saving of laws in respect of anti-national activities.—Omitted.

Right to Constitutional Remedies

32. Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part.

32A. Constitutional validity of State laws not to be considered in proceedings under article 32.—Omitted.

33. Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in their application to Forces, etc.

34. Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area.

35. Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part.